The brain receives information and internal and external influences that enable the most appropriate behaviors that should be triggered at any time.
NEURO-BIOLOGICAL APPROACH
The Neurobiological approach to psychology is when we look at how the neural functioning of neurons and neurotransmitters shape and affect the behavior of the person.
The neurobiological basis of behavior includes the Origins of Neuropsychology, Neuropsychological basis of behavior, Evolution of the brain, Physiology of neural cells, Types of neurons, neurons, communication within neurons, genetic behavior, and ethical issues in neuropsychology.
How does neurobiology affect behavior?
Each region of the brain affects the different areas of behavior, and neurobiology aims to understand these behaviors and the connection to different parts of the brain. Neuroscientific studies have identified
The role of the frontal lobe in contributing to personality, emotions, judgment, problem solving, abstract thought, attention, and planning. One distinct function found in the frontal lobe is speech, thanks to Broca’s area.
The parietal lobe and the occipital lobe are each involved in interpretation. The parietal lobe contributes to interpreting language, visual signals, and spatial perception whereas the occipital lobe hosts our visual cortices.
The temporal lobe includes Wernicke’s area, a key part of the brain for understanding language. The temporal lobe also hosts our auditory cortex and is therefore key for hearing.
Neurotransmitters are responsible for one of three functions: either exciting, inhibiting, or modulating neurons. Most neurobiological disorders are due to fluctuations in these levels. These disorders can also be caused by issues in the ways that neurotransmitters are sent or received. Fluctuations can be caused by over or under-production of neurotransmitters. They can also be caused by damage to the neurons themselves
Behavioral neurobiology: An interdisciplinary branch of behavioral neuroscience. Also referred to as biological psychology, biopsychology, psychobiology, or neuroethology. Researchers in this field study how the central nervous system translates biologically relevant stimuli into natural behavior. Specialties in this area examine how the mechanics of neurobiology control behavior, such as learning and memory.
OTHER APPROACHES THAT RELATED TO BEHAVIOR
Psychoanalytic Approach
Freud’s theory of psychosexual development has five stages. The first stage is known as the oral stage, where the child receives pleasure from the areas of the mouth, at this point the child is in ID personality. The second anal stage has the child finding pleasure through anal where the child develops ego. The further stage is phallic were (3 – 5 ) years involved the Oedipus complex and develop the super-ego. From 5 – puberty is the latent stage moving on to the genital stage where the sexual ID returns to adolescence.
Freud believed that if a child did not progress through these stages that they would develop behavior problems.
Freud’s ideas have a great impact on psychology and are still utilized by many psychologists.
Cognitive Approach
Cognitive thinking involves conscious mental processes like computers. The brain organizes and manipulates information from daily life. This can be seen in the cognitive triad.
Cognitive disorders can be caused by dysfunctional thought processes which can lead to depression, phobias, aggression, and even anorexia.
The strength of the cognitive approach is that it is scientific and the theories can be tested. It can also explain the irrational behavior of a person through cognitive disorders by the process of the therapy and identifying the malfunctioning thought processes, giving treatment to create a positive outlook.
Social approach
The social approach has a great deal on how a person behaves in the environment. The assumptions made about the behavior come down to the fact that, it occurs in the social context, even when nobody else is physically present, and that people’s behavior, thought processes, and emotions are influenced by other people and society.
Zimbardo et al’s prison experiment showed how dressing up as a prison guard with the power that went with it, altered the behavior of the normal thinking males to one of a controlling tyrannical person.
Social psychology considers the importance of conformity and obedience as a large factor in behavior
conclusion
Unlike Neuro Biological approach other approaches such as psychoanalytic, cognitive, and social approaches related to behavior are directly based on the thought processes and emotional patterns of an individual which are directly connected to the parts of the brain